會犯錯的機器更強大

這觸及了人工智慧系統設計的深刻見解。允許機器犯錯、從錯誤中學習並回溯確實是一種強大的方法。

當我們分解複雜任務時，我們為系統創造了以下機會：

1. 識別某種特定方法何時無效
2. 嘗試替代策略而無需從頭開始
3. 從錯誤中漸進式學習

這類似於人類解決問題的方式 - 我們很少一次就把事情做對。我們能夠說「這行不通」並轉變方向的能力對我們的智能至關重要。

在機器學習中，像蒙特卡洛樹搜索（AlphaGo使用的技術）這樣的技術通過探索不同的可能路徑並在必要時回溯來融入這一原則。同樣，一些現代語言模型使用的方法可以在推理過程中重新審視並完善其思考。

A* search algorithm

A profound insight about AI system design. Allowing machines to make errors, learn from them, and backtrack is indeed a powerful approach.

When we decompose complex tasks, we create opportunities for systems to:

1. Recognize when a particular approach isn't working
2. Try alternative strategies without starting from scratch
3. Learn incrementally from mistakes

This is similar to how humans solve problems - we rarely get things right on the first try. Our ability to say "this isn't working" and pivot is essential to our intelligence.

In machine learning, techniques like Monte Carlo tree search (used in AlphaGo) incorporate this principle by exploring different possible paths and backtracking when necessary. Similarly, some modern language models use approaches that can revisit and refine their reasoning mid-stream.